Analysis Of Claude Steele s Influence On Minority Students

Claude Steele is a social psychologist with a focused interest in self-affirmation theory and its role in self-regulation and the academic under-achievement of minority students and women. Steele explained the academic under achievement of minority students with stereotype threat which is when racial and gender stereotypes can affect minority and womens grades, test scores, and academic identity.(Lasnier, 2009).For many years’ stereotype threat has affected minority students learning making it hard to focus on school because of their environment putting stereotypes in their heads such as already having in your mind that â€Å"men are better than women in sciences (Gorlick, 2009) or â€Å"I’m black I’m not going to graduate anyway so why even try on†¦show more content†¦Besides Steele being a professor, dean and provost he has always won multiple awards and in the 1980’s made the self-affirmation theory well-known by relating that theory to self -regulation and shined a light on stereotype threat making it relevant and known that minorities suffer from it to America today.(Public Affairs, n.d.) Scholarly Work For over fifth teen years social psychologist has done research on how minorities intelligence has been affected by the stereotype threat theory(Jean-Claude Croizet et al., 2004; Lovaglia J, 2004). Stereotyping can be defined in many ways the first being â€Å"A destructive human habit that judges people before knowing their true qualities according to Worley(Worley, 2010). Or when one makes false assumptions on a group based off of their religion, race sexual orientation, disabled, language or educational opportunities(Worley, 2010). Stereotype threat disrupts three ways the first being a physiological stress response that directly impairs prefrontal processing, the second being a tendency to actively monitor performance, and finally the third being efforts to suppress negative thoughts and emotions in the service of self-regulation(Schmader, Johns, Forbes, 2008). All three of these are needed to do well on a standardized test. Stereotype threat affects African-American minority groups--African-Americans, Native Americans, and many Latino groups ( Bowen Bok, 1998; Jensen, 1980;Show MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Mean Little Deaf Queer By Terry Galloway Essay - 1817 Words

The book, Mean Little deaf Queer, a memoir, by Terry Galloway, is a powerful autobiography that gives insights about her life. Not only has she coped with a disability, but she also had to deal with being queer and overcoming the many obstacles of accepting this reality. Terry Galloway, grew up viewing herself as an outsider because of the responses she received from other individuals as her body transformed. She proclaimed herself as a child freak from the moment her body began to change, and when her hearing was diminishing and her hallucinations became a frequent occurrence, she would address her fury and discontent with her hearing aids and thick round glasses. Nevertheless, the moment she feigned her own drowning at a summer camp for crippled children, she knew she had discovered a new passion. Her hardships were overlooked and renovated into a love for theater and speech that would not only defy her reality, but that would surpass her expectations. In essence, this book elucidated what it was like for Terry Galloway to undergo her mental breakdowns, to address her queer identity in a world deprived of sound, while taking into consideration societal norms and historical occurrences in the world of people with disabilities. Correspondingly, Galloway divides her story into three parts that depict the unfolding of her life. The first part of her memoir was â€Å"Drowning† which corresponds to her going deaf, the second part of her memoir was â€Å"Passing† which corresponds to her

Accounting Theory and Current Issues Ontological Assumptions

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory and Current Issues for Ontological Assumptions. Answer: Introduction The study elucidates the aspects of positive or renders scientific approach and this aligns with the research in the field of accounting. Moreover, it can also be said that the specified report puts emphasis on defining the key objectives of the human behavior that leads to preparation of necessary settings of accounting (Deegan, 2013). This study has been done based on the provided article Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. It puts focus on the discussion regarding the epistemology and ontological assumptions that are required for scientific research as well as feasibility factors of scholarly projects. The present section of the article illustrates the positive accounting research during the period of defensive actions. However, it has been found that in certain cases, the accounting acts as defensible in nature and rarely manages in the future. Thus, this report highlights on understanding of the progress level as well as logics by the help of various data gathering p rocedures and these include quantitative and qualitative research methodologies (Freeman et al., 2014). Summarization of the Article The detailed study of the article Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research aims to illustrate all the concepts of auditing that renders good work typically. In addition to this, it can be said that this study puts focus on how far all the practices might fall short particularly in the Popper prescriptions case. Importance of the article: This specified journal article summarizes the outcomes of the qualitative researches and also makes the utilization of all the relevant theories and concepts (Deegan, 2016). In this article, hypotheses have been conducted with the aim to test all the objectives. This needs underpinning of the observed findings that align with the research in the field of accounting. The fundamental success aligns with the concept and theories of positive accounting, especially after the understanding of the operational artifacts with the aim to set relatively lower standards. According to Kuhn, it has been stated that the normal sciences which easily fits into the key objective of the concept of positive accounting after the comparison of this theory with the traditional sciences. Thus, final vision illustrates the fundamental fact especially when the crisis of Kuhnia and resolution occur by explaining the theory and concept of positive accounting. The theories and concepts of Positive Accounting have a broader vision and it is concerned with the research programs for extending the facets of illustrations of human behavior. This positive accounting sets and compares the existence of the positive accounting theory (PAT) with the particular research. Thus, this study helps to summarize the features of both epistemology and ontology for the programs of investigation. According to PAT, accounting deals with the examination of the larger factors for obtaining the capabilities of scientific objectives. Additionally, the description of Kuhn puts more emphasis on the normal sciences that generally fits into the concepts and theories of the positive accounting research in a most accurate manner. Constraints of the article: The researchers have suggested for a more confident as well as accepting observational findings and the faulty ideas rightly (Bonin, 2013) generally use these. It has been found that suggestions can be provided for rendering the practical actions regarding the resistance and depends on the current system such as fetching changes in the future years. The summarization of the particular article indicates that the discussion regarding the crisis of Kuhnia and the aspects of revolution are concerned about the liberation of the concepts of positive accounting for attaining higher level of potential benefit (Deegan, 2012). Therefore, there are several cases that have offer into the practical actions regarding resistance and this depends on the present system in order to bring in change management. The most common issues that are found in the process include the informal construction of all the theoretical models for scrutinizing the test of gratuitous reliance that considers the logics of hypotheses (Biondi Zambon, 2013). It exposes the lack of interest in the arithmetical values of constraints and faces inadequate replication. This needs undertaking of the face-to-face interaction between the less personal and personal systems in the final procedure of making decision (Jones, 2015). Thus, it implies the understanding of the important aspects regarding the deficiencies of the research in the field of positive accounting particular for the broader logical projects. Research Questions What are the concepts and logical theories regarding the Positive Accounting Research in the field of accounting? How the concept of positive accounting does develops the information relationship between the human behaviors? How the description of Kuhn does explain the normal sciences that are associated with the accounting research? It can be said that all these research questions aligns with the provided case study, as the case study is regarding the topic positive accounting, various research methods that can be implemented for successful research work. In addition to these, in this research work, the importance and the influence of the normal science have also been discussed by the particular author. Moreover, both importance and constraints have been discussed here regarding the particular research topic and its research method. Therefore, it can be said that the research hypotheses align with the research paper. As the whole article is about the various types of concepts and logical theories of PAT, its concept in the development of information relationship between human behaviors and Kuhns description about normal sciences. Theoretical Framework Opined to Smith Tucker (2013), the empirical question illustrates the comprehensive theories regarding the human behavior and the limitation of the application of the theories. In addition to this, various extensive areas specify the particular situation of actions of the population for offering interpretive research. This indicates the alignment of the explanation of the theories with the ontology, epistemology and positive factors. From this it can be said that the aim of the researcher is to monitor the limitations as the modified one within the social world even after the development of the possible actions. Scientific research can be of two types qualitative and quantitative and it can be suggested that gathered data can be processed under induction on certain assumptions. In certain situations, new observations have been incorporated for consideration of logical support and for testing predictions regarding newer theories (Dobija Kurek, 2013). According to Popper, all the newer theories are based on proved observations and observed regularities. This involves examination of two theories in a single case theory. Thus, falsification considers the inoperable assumptions that based upon theoretical assumptions. Therefore, theories are regarded as anomalous tracks of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. According to Quinn (2014) there are mainly two objectives that are generally utilized by the researchers. This is used to understand the qualitative research and this also implies gathering of data that helps in preliminary understanding. The present study highlights the regression analysis to understand the pricing strategy of auditors as it is represented in the audit report. As a result, it can be said that collection of data after the identification of the tender bid, differentiation of the pattern of behavior and presentation of the adopted strategies are considered as an important factor to the audit partners. Importance and Constraints of the Article The most important aspect regarding the article is its written form in the Popper Logic version. This involves measurement of test statistics that are utilized for viewing the incompatibility and certainty of all the concepts starting from the null hypotheses. This needs elimination of shifting in the conventional importance for the threshold qualities by considering p constant at 0.00001 (Banerjee, 2014). Thus, re-attribution of true positives after the acceptance of statistical outcomes is considered. On the other hand, there are two key motives for replication of earlier studies. This explores the constraints for applying earlier outcomes for the purpose of future analysis. However, many factors have been mentioned within the article that is used for testing the hypotheses and this range from 1 % to 5 % based on the statistical issues (Miller Power, 2013). The author intends to work diligently in order to try out the other functional forms and proxies on the basis of the econometric assumptions. However, there are certain non-important data that effects from false positives after the comparison of the replicated work (Vosslamber, 2013). This aims to highlight on the attributes that help to examine the level of importance and this depends on the sample as well as the residual variance at similar point of time. It can be said that there are various limitations regarding the study. These include - the lack of interest in the arithmetical values of constraints and thus, face inadequate replication and have less confident as well as accepting observational findings. The other limitations include the informal construction of all the theoretical models for scrutinizing the test of gratuitous reliance that considers the logics of hypotheses and it has been found that the research is mostly dependent on the current system. Therefore, from all these it can be said that major improvement is needed by the researchers for the scope of future analysis as this will help in the process. On the basis of ad hoc, the aspects are considered and these include implementation of quantitative models after the maintenance of the relationship among the variables. However, there are numerous models that are utilized for analysis of the research in a well-designed manner (Wagenhofer, 2015). It needs extreme measurem ent of the concepts after the comparison of this with the re-invention of the dimension. It can also be said that consistent measurement concerns the audit that have high complexity level for guessing the parameters. Conclusion On the basis of the detailed analysis, it can be said that the particular article scrutinizes those aspects that are associated with the ontology and epistemology. However, it is regarded as the understanding of the concept regarding existing accounting policies of research as this is utilized for regulating the programs of research. The particular section illustrates the process of implementation of accurate and relevant theoretical models in order to examine the highly specified and vulnerable concepts in detail. This needs implementation of improved measurement techniques that are able to test the theoretical models rigorously. Lastly, it can be said that the mean of selection process of relevant functional types of linear association between sole notions is also considered as an important factor. Reference Banerjee, B. (2014).Cost Accounting Theory and Practice. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Biondi, Y., Zambon, S. (Eds.). (2013).Accounting and business economics: Insights from national traditions. Routledge. Bonin, H. (2013).Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Deegan, C. (2012).Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C. (2016).Financial Accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dobija, M., Kurek, B. (2013). Scientific provenance of accounting.International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies,1(2), 16-24. Freeman, R. J., Shoulders, C. D., Allison, G. S., Smith Jr, G. R., Becker, C. J. (2014). Governmental and nonprofit accounting: theory and practice.JPAEJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS EDUCATION VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3, 441. Jones, S. (2015). Development of financial accounting theory.The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory, 1. Miller, P., Power, M. (2013). Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 557-605. Quinn Jr, E. (2014). The Evolution of Accounting Theory in Response to Market Changes.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(10), 509. Smith, M., Tucker, B. (2013).Advanced Strategic Management Accounting: Theory and Practice. Cengage Learning Australia. Vosslamber, R. (2013). Accounting Theory: Research, Regulation and Accounting Practice.Pacific Accounting Review. Wagenhofer, A. (2015). Usefulness and implications for financial accounting.The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory, 341.

UNIT 9 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Essays - Human Development

UNIT 9: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE 1: State the three areas of change that developmental psychologists study, and identify three major issues in developmental psychology. Scientists who study physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the life cycle are called _____ DEVELOPMENTAL __ __ ____ PSYCHOLOGISTS ___. One of the major issues in developmental psychology concerns the relative importance of genes and experience in determining behavior; this is called the ______ NATURE _ _____/______ NURTURE ____ issue. A second developmental issue, _____ CONTINUITY ______/_____ STAGES _____, concerns whether developmental changes are gradual or abrupt. A third controversial issue concerns the tendency of personality and whether development is characterized by more ____ STAGES _______ over time or by change. PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE NEWBORN OBJECTIVE 2: Describe the union of sperm and egg at conception. Conception begins when a woman's ____ OVARY_ _______ releases a mature________ EGG __________. The few ______ SPERM __________ from the man that reach the egg release digestive ____ ENZYMES____ ______ that eat away at the egg's protective covering. As soon as one sperm penetrates the egg, the egg's surface ______ BLOCKS _________ all other sperm. The egg and sperm _____ NUCLEI ________ fuse and become one. OBJECTIVE 3: Define zygote, embryo and fetus , and explain how teratogens can affect development. Fertilized human eggs are called ____ ZYGOTES__ _______. During the first week, the cells in this cluster begin to specialize in structure and function, that is, they begin to _____ DIFFERENTIATE ______. The outer part of the fertilized egg attaches to the _____ UTERINE _______ wall, forming the ___ PLACENTA __________. From about 2 until 8 weeks of age, the developing human, formed from the inner cells of the fertilized egg, is called a(n) ____ EMBRYO ________. During the final stage of prenatal development, the developing human is called a(n) ______ FETUS _______. Along with nutrients, a range of harmful substances known as ___ TERATOGENS ____ can pass through the placenta. Moderate consumption of alcohol during pregnancy ____ CAN AFFECT ______ (usually does not affect/can affect) the fetal brain. If a mother drinks heavily, her baby is at risk for the birth defects and mental retardation that accompany ______ FETAL _____ ___ ALCOHOL ______ ____ SYNDROME ___. OBJECTIVE 4: Describe some abilities of the newborn, and explain how researchers use habituation to assess infant sensory and cognitive abilities. When an infant's cheek is touched, it will vigorously search for a nipple, a response known as the ____ ROOTING _______ _______ REFLEX _______. American psychologist __ WILLIAM JAMES ___ believed that the newborn experiences a "blooming, buzzing confusion." This belief is _____ INCORRECT __ __ (correct/incorrect). Give some evidence supporting the claim that a newborn's sensory equipment is biologically prewired to facilitate social responsiveness. NEWBORNS REFLEXIVELY TURN THEIR HEADS IN THE DIRECTION OF HUMAN VOICES. THEY GAZE LONGER AT A DRAWING OF A HUMAN FACE THAN AT A BULL'S-EYE PATTERN. THEY FOCUS BEST ON OBJECTS ABOUT 8 TO 12 INCHES AWAY, WHICH IS ABOUT THE DISTANCE BETWEEN A NURSING INFANT'S EYES AND THE MOTHER'S. WITHIN DAYS, THEY RECOGNIZE THEIR MOTHER'S SMELL AND VOICE. To study infants' thinking, developmental researchers have focused on a simple form of learning called ____ HABITUATION _____, which involves a ______ DECREASE ________ in responding with repeated stimulation. Using this procedure, researchers have found that infants can discriminate ____ COLORS ____, _____ SHAPES _______, and ___ SOUNDS _______; they also understand some basic concepts of ___ NUMBERS _____ and ____ PHYSICS _____. INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD OBJECTIVE 5: Describe some developmental changes in a child's brain, and explain why maturation accounts for many of our similarities. The developing brain ______ OVER _________ (over/under) produces neurons, with the number peaking at ____ 28 WEEKS _____ (what age?). At birth the human nervous system ______ IS NOT _________(is/is not) fully mature. Between 3 and 6 years of age, the brain is developing most rapidly in the ____ FRONTAL _________ lobes, which enable __ RATIONAL _____ ___ PLANNING ___. After puberty, a process of ____ PRUNING___ ______ shuts down some neural connections and strengthens others. Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior are called ___ MATURATION ____. OBJECTIVE 6: Outline four events in the motor development